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STEP2SOLUTIONS
§Determine= how Frame Relay operates.
§Configure= Frame Relay.
§Configure= Frame Relay sub-interfaces.
§Verify Fr= ame Relay operation.
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you will
be able to perform the following tasks:
Purpose: This figure states the chapter objectives.
Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of= the chapter objectives.
Transition: The next section presents an overview of Frame Relay.
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Frame Relay Overview <= /div>
§Connections made by virtual circuits&= #13;
§Connection-oriented service
Frame relay works here.
DCE or
Fr= ame
Re= lay Switch
CSU/DSU
Purpose: This figure provides a big-picture definition of Frame Relay.
Emphasize: Frame Relay is used between the CPE device and the Frame Relay switch. It does NOT affect how packets get routed within the Frame Relay cloud.
Frame Relay is a purely Layer 2 protocol.
The network providing the Frame Relay service can be either a carrier-provided public network or a network of privately owned equipment serving a single enterprise.
Make a clear distinction between DCE, DTE, and CPE.
Emphasize that Frame Relay over SVCs is not discussed in this chapter because it is= not widely supported by service providers at this time. The service provider = must also support SVCs in order for Frame Relay over SVCs to operate.
Note: In Cisco IOS Release 11.2, two traffic shaping features were introduced:<= /font>
Generic (adaptive) traffic shaping
Frame Relay traffic shaping
Both of these features can be used to adjust the rate at which traffic is sent by= the router. In addition, these features allow the router to throttle the traf= fic rate based on BECNs received from the Frame Relay switch. Neither of these features are discussed in this course. Frame Relay traffic shaping is discussed in the Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) course. Information on both can be found in Cisco documentation.
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Frame Relay Stack
OSI Reference Model
Frame Relay
Physical
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-Link
Application
EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, EIA/TIA-530
Frame Relay
IP/IPX/AppleTalk, etc.
Purpose: This figure compares Frame Relay to the OSI model.
Emphasize: The same serial standards that support point-to-point serial connections = also support Frame Relay serial connections.
Frame Relay operates at the data link layer.
Frame Relay supports multiple upper-layer protocols.
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Frame Relay Terminology
Local
Access
Loop =3D T1
Local Access
Loop =3D 64 kb= ps
Local Access
Loop =3D 64 kb= ps
DLCI: 400
PVC
DLCI: 500
LMI
100 =3D Active=
400 =3D Active=
DLCI: 200
DLCI: 100
PVC
Purpose: This figure provides an overview of terminology so that the student is prepared to understand the Frame Relay operation discussion.
The terminology used with Frame Relay varies by service provider. These are t= he commonly used terms.
Point out the local access loop and note that the local access rate is different than the rate used within the Frame Relay cloud.
The DLCI is of local significance, therefore, point out that the same DLCI can be = used in multiple places in the network.
The autosensing LMI is a Release 11.2 or later feature.
Frame Relay connections are made using PVCs. The circuits are identified by the DLCI assigned by the service provider.
Reference: For more information on Frame Relay, including a Frame Relay glossary, re= fer to the Frame Relay Forum World Wide Web page:
http://www.frforum.com/4000/4003.html
This course does not discuss Frame Relay traffic flow issues. Terms like BECN, FECN, and discard eligible are not discussed in this course. These terms = are some of the terms that can be found in the Frame Relay Forum’s glossary. The BCRAN discusses Frame Relay traffic flow issues.


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STEP2SOLUTIONS
CSU/DSU
Frame Relay
Address Mapping
§Get locally significant DLCIs from the provider.
§Map= your network addresses to DLCIs.
DLCI: 500
PVC
10.1.1.1
Inverse ARP or
Fr= ame Relay Map
IP
(1= 0.1.1.1)
Frame
Re= lay
DLCI (500)
Purpose: This figure illustrates mapping the data-link connection identifier (DLCI= ) to the network-layer address such as IP.
Emphasize: The DLCI is of local significance, therefore, point out that the same DLCI can be used in multiple places in the network. Frame Relay connections are made using PVCs. The circuits are identified by the DLCI assigned by the service provider.
Explain what Inverse ARP is used for. Static mapping can be configured instead of Inverse ARP.
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Frame Relay Signaling <= /div>
§Cisco supports three LMI standards:&#= 13;
►Cisco.
►ANSI T1.617 Annex D.
►ITU-T Q.933 Annex A.
DLCI: 400
PVC
Keepalive
CSU/DSU
DLCI: 500
PVC
10.1.1.1
x
LMI
500 =3D Active=
400 =3D Inacti= ve
Purpose: This figure describes the Local Management Interface (LMI) and shows the = key standards.
Emphasize: Explain LMI.
Note: Other key American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards are T1.6= 06, which defines the Frame Relay architecture, and T1.618, which describes d= ata transfer.
Other key International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardizati= on Sector (ITU-T) specifications include I.122, which defines ITU-T Frame Re= lay architecture, and Q.922, which standardizes data transfer. Use of these L= MI standards is especially widespread in Europe.
The original “gang of four” no longer exists; StrataCom® merg= ed with Cisco, and Digital Equipment Corporation was acquired by Compaq Computers.
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Frame Relay Inverse ARP and= LMI Operation
4
Hello, I am 172.168.5.5.=
3
Local DLCI 100=3DActive<= /b>
4
Local DLCI 400=3DActive<= /b>
2
Status Inquiry
2
Status Inquiry
Frame Relay= 3;
Cloud
1
DLCI=3D100
DLCI=3D400
3
172.168.5.5
172.168.5.7
Layer 4 of 4
Purpose: This figure describes the Inverse ARP and LMI process.
Emphasize: Step 1—Indicates that each router must connect to the Frame Relay switch.
Step 2—Discusses what information is sent from the router to the Frame R= elay switch.
Step 3—Discusses what the Frame Relay switch does with the received information.
Step 4—Discusses the sending of Inverse ARP messages.

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