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= 3D"Catalyst
STEP2SOLUTIONS
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Catalyst Switch Operations
•Upon comp= letion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:
<= span style=3D'font-size:96%;color:black'>–Describe Layer 2 switching (bridging) operations.
–Describe t= he Catalyst 1900 switch operations.
–Describe the Catalyst 1900 switch default configuration.
<= span style=3D'font-size:96%;color:black'>–Configure the Cataly= st 1900 switch.
–Use show commands to verify Catalyst 1900 switch= configuration and operations.
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Three Switch Functions
–<= /span>Address learning
–<= /span>Forward/filter decision
–<= /span>Loop avoidance
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
How Switches Learn Host = Locations?
<= span style=3D'font-size:114%;visibility:hidden'>•
<= span style=3D'font-size:114%;visibility:hidden'>•
•Initial MAC address table is empty.
MAC Address Table
0260.8c01.1111
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.4444
E0
E1
E2
E3
A
B
C
D
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
How Switches Learn Host Locations?
<= span style=3D'font-family:Helvetica;font-size:71%'>R= 26;Station A sends a frame to station C. =
R= 26;Switch caches the station A MAC address to por= t E0 by learning the source address of data frames.
R= 26;The frame from station A to station C is flood= ed out to all ports except port E0 (unknown unicasts are flooded).
MAC Address Table
0260.8c01.1111
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.4444
E0:  0260.8c01.1111
E0
E1
E2
E3
D
C
B
A
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
How Switches Learn Host Locations?
<= span style=3D'font-family:Helvetica;font-size:71%'>R= 26;Station D sends a frame to station C. =
R= 26;Switch caches the station D MAC address to por= t E3 by learning the source address of data frames.
R= 26;The frame from station D to station C is flood= ed out to all ports except port E3 (unknown unicasts are flooded).
MAC Address Table
0260.8c01.1111
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.4444
E0:  0260.8c01.1111
E3:  0260.8c01.4444
E0
E1
E2
E3
D
C
A
B
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
How Switches Filter Frames?
<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>•Station A s= ends a frame to station C.
<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>•Destinatio= n is known; frame is not flooded.
E0:  0260.8c01.1111
E2:  0260.8c01.2222
E1:  0260.8c01.3333
E3:  0260.8c01.4444
0260.8c01.1111
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.4444
E0
E1
E2
E3
X
X
D
C
A
B
MAC Address Table
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Broadcast and Multicast Frames
R= 26;Station D sends a broadcast or multicast <= /span>frame.
R= 26;Broadcast and multicast frames are flooded to = all ports other than the originating port. = ;
<= span style=3D'font-family:Helvetica;font-size:86%;visibility:hidden'>•
0260.8c01.1111
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.4444
E0
E1
E2
E3
D
C
A
B
E0:  0260.8c01.1111
E2:  0260.8c01.2222
E1:  0260.8c01.3333
E3:  0260.8c01.4444
MAC Address Table
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STEP2SOLUTIONS
Redundant Topology
<= span style=3D'font-size:71%'>–Redundant topology eliminates single points of failure.
–Redundant topology causes broadcast storms, multiple frame copies, and MAC address table instability problems= .
= = <= ![endif]>
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y
=
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Broadcast Storms
= =
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y
  Broadcast
Switch A
Switch B
Host X sends a Broadcast
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Broadcast Storms (Contd.)
<= ![endif]> <= ![endif]>
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y
  Broadcast
Switch A
Switch B
Host X sends a Broadcast
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Broadcast Storms (Contd.)
<= ![endif]> <= ![endif]>
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y
  Broadcast
<= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:75.0%;left:14.6%;width:85.58%;height:5.0%'>= R= 26;Switches continue to propagate broadcast traff= ic = over and over.
Switch A
Switch B
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Multiple Frame Copies
<= ![endif]> <= ![endif]>
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y
  Unicast<= /div>
Switch A
Switch B
•Host X sends an unicast frame to router Y. = ;
•Router Y MAC address has not been learned by either switch yet.= 3;
•
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
Multiple Frame Copies (Contd.)
<= ![endif]> <= ![endif]> =
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y
 
  Unicast<= /div>
Switch A
Switch B
•Host X sends an unicast frame to router Y. = ;
•Router Y MAC address has not been learned by either switch yet.= 3;
•Router Y will receive two copies of the same frame.
•
  Unicast<= /div>
  Unicast<= /div>
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=
STEP2SOLUTIONS
MAC Database Instability
= <= ![endif]>
Segment 1
Segment 2
Server/Host X<= /b>
Router Y